Cancer is a disease caused by the abnormal growth and spread of cells in the human body. In cancer treatment, proper nutrition plays a very important role. Many people with cancer start losing weight even before treatment begins, because the disease itself changes how the body uses energy. Cancer increases metabolic stress, which means the body needs more calories, protein and fluids than usual. At the same time, the immune system releases substances called cytokines that can reduce appetite, making it even harder to eat enough. When this underlying effect of cancer combines with treatment side effects, the risk of malnutrition becomes very high. Staying well-nourished during treatment is essential because it can ease side effects, lower the chances of hospitalization, improve how well treatments work and help patients complete the full course of therapy.

Ø The Role of Nutrition in Cancer Care:

Cancer and its treatments often reduce the body’s ability to absorb nutrients, leaving the patient weak. The right food habits can support a cancer patient in the following ways:

·         Boosts energy – During cancer treatment, the body’s energy needs increase. Adequate intake of protein, healthy fats and carbohydrates helps meet these additional energy demands.

·         Strengthens the immune system – Foods rich in Vitamin C, Vitamin E, zinc, and antioxidants enhance immunity.

·         Supports tissue repair – Protein-rich foods help in the formation of new cells and repair damaged tissues.

·         Reduces treatment side effects – Certain foods can ease nausea, diarrhoea or mouth sores.

Ø What foods are Important?

Within a balanced diet, some foods are particularly important during cancer treatment:

·         Fruits and vegetables – Rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.

·         Protein – Meat, fish, dal and eggs.

·         Carbohydrates – Instead of refined grains like white rice or flour, choose vegetables and whole grains.

·         Healthy fats – Such as olive oil, nuts and avocado.

Ø Foods to Avoid:

·         Processed meats (sausages, bacon, red meat)

·         Excess sugar and sweets

·         Deep-fried and fast foods

·         Alcohol and smoking

Ø Tailoring Nutrition with individual needs

Nutrition is not one-size-fits-all approach. A patient undergoing head and neck cancer therapy may need a completely different plan compared to someone with colon cancer or leukaemia. For example:

• Mouth sores: Soft, bland, non-acidic foods such as custards, porridges or mashed potatoes help reduce discomfort.
• Diarrhoea from chemotherapy: Low-fibre, binding foods like rice, bananas, or curd provide relief.
• Constipation from painkillers: High-fibre foods with adequate fluids, leafy greens  or warm water help restore balance.
• Altered taste: Adding herbs, lemon zest or mild spices can bring back flavour and appetite.

Nutrition therapy is therefore not generic advice rather it is carefully designed, monitored, and adapted at every stage of the journey.

Food is more than just nutrients. For many patients, it connects them to home, comfort and culture. A bowl of homemade dal or a favourite seasonal fruit can uplift mood during the most difficult days. Involving family members in meal preparation and creating a positive eating environment helps reduce stress around food and gives patients a sense of control. As cancer care advances, the role of nutrition must no longer remain in the background. It deserves equal recognition alongside medical treatment. Properly guided nutrition can reduce side effects, shorten hospital stays and improve survival outcomes. Most importantly, it gives patients the strength and dignity to face their journey with resilience.

Proper nutrition plays a major role in cancer care. Remember, nutrition is important not only for physical health but also for mental well-being.